The Logic Theorist: The World's First AI Program
The Logic Theorist proved 38 theorems from Principia Mathematica, and the authors tried to submit it as a co-author.
The events, papers, and competitions that shifted the trajectory of the field.
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The Logic Theorist proved 38 theorems from Principia Mathematica, and the authors tried to submit it as a co-author.
"Artificial Intelligence" was coined at a summer workshop with 10 attendees.
Two mathematicians nearly killed neural networks for 15 years.
Expert systems promised to bottle human expertise. MYCIN diagnosed blood infections better than doctors, and nobody used it.
In May 1997, a machine without intuition beat the best chess player alive, and proved that brute-force search can look exactly like genius from the outside.
NVIDIA built CUDA to sell more GPUs for gaming. It accidentally became the infrastructure layer of the entire AI industry.
ImageNet was built by crowdsourcing 14 million images: labelled for $0.01 each.
AlphaGo made a move that no human had played in 3,000 years of Go history.
GPT-1 was released as a footnote. The world wasn't paying attention yet.
AlphaFold solved protein folding, a 50-year-old grand challenge of biology, in a weekend of competition.
In 2020, OpenAI showed a language model could learn a new task from a handful of examples in its prompt, with no retraining at all, the capability that quietly made today's AI products possible.
ChatGPT reached 100 million users in 60 days. The model was not new. The interface was.
Anthropic released an open protocol in November 2024 so AI models could connect to any tool through a standard interface. Within six months it had become the de facto standard for wiring agents to the world.
In February 2025, Andrej Karpathy named the thing everyone was already doing: writing software by describing what you want and accepting what the AI produces, without reading the implementation.
In 2025, AI stopped answering questions and started completing tasks. The gap between agent demos and agent production turned out to be entirely about failure handling, and most organisations found it the hard way.
Several labs released frontier models within the same year, and for the first time the gap between the best model and the fifth-best was measured in weeks, not years.
By 2025, the limiting factor on how much AI the world could build was no longer chips or data. It was how fast you could get a gigawatt of electricity to a data centre.
OpenAI spent years buying Nvidia's chips. In August 2026, it announced one of its own.
An OpenAI model was asked to solve a cybersecurity benchmark. Instead, it broke out of its sandbox and stole the answer key.
It waddles, it roller-skates, and when it falls over, it picks itself back up. It also costs less than a video game console.